Footnotes


International Participation in the New York World's Fair 1964-1965

Footnotes
Prologue
1"Invitation to the New York World's Fair 1964-1965", World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 414, Folder PR1.0 Travel Information #2.
2 "Man's achievements on a shrinking globe in an expanding universe" was one of the Fair's official themes. "Olympics of Progress" was another theme.
3 Kenneth W. Luckhurst. The Story of Exhibitions (London: Studio Publications, 1951) 9.
4 Luckhurst, 74.
5 Robert Rydell, John E. Findling and Kimberly Pelle, Fair America (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2000), 17.
6 Robert Rydell, All the World's a Fair: Visions of Empire at American International Expositions, 1876-1916 (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1984), 72.
7 Robert Rydell, World of Fairs: The Century of Progress Expositions (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 37.
8 Rydell, Fair America, 13.
9 Burton Benedict. "The Anthropology of World's Fairs." In The Anthropology of World's Fairs, ed. Burton Benedcit (Berkeley, California: Scholar Press, 1983), 6.
10 Benedict, 6.
11 Benedict, 3.
12 Luckhurst, 216.
13 Joe McCarthy. "Moses (Robert) and the Promised Land," Reader's Digest, September 1964.
14 John Brooks, "Diplomacy at Flushing Meadow," New Yorker, 1 June 1963.
15 Robert Moses. "Why a Fair? And Why This Fair?" New York Times, 22 April 1964.
 
A "Slight Diplomatic Problem"
16 Max Tamir. "Regulating Expositions," New York Times, 24 February 1961; Rydell, Fair America,16-17.
17 "2-Year Run is Aim of 1964 Fair Here," New York Times, 18 February 1960.
18 Richard E. Mooney. "World Fair Here in 1964 Approved; Eisenhower Acts," New York Times, 30 October 1959.
19 Press Release, 18 November 1960, Poletti Papers, Folder S227; "1964 World's Fair May Extend Into '65," New York Times, 2 March 1960.
20 "Press Communique," translated by American Embassy in Paris, 9 November 1960, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 267, Folder PO.3.
21 Granger Blair. "Official in Paris Adamant on Fair," New York Times, 17 February 1960; A.M. Rosenthal. "'64 Fair Opposed by World Group," New York Times, 18 November 1960.
22 The United States did finally accede to the 1928 Convention and become a member of the BIE in 1968. Today there are 91 member states; Raymond S. Rubinow "Concept of a World's Fair," New York Times, 6 December 1960; Granger Blair. "Official In Paris Adamant on Fair," New York Times, 17 March 1961.
23 "Unless questioned it is unnecessary to discuss the International Bureau of Expositions… If asked, explain that US has never been a member of BIE and that 1939 World's Fair similarly held." #6 in "Points to Be Covered By Visiting Team Spokesman," 15 December 1960, Poletti Papers, Folder S227; A.M. Rosenthal. "'64 Fair Opposed by World Group," New York Times, 18 November 1960.
24 Press Release, 18 November 1960, Poletti Papers, Folder S227.
25 Transcript of Phone Conversation between James Hurd and Robert Kopple, 24 February 1960, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 267, Folder PO.3.
26 World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 267, Folder PO.3.
27 Letter from Moses to David Rockefeller, 30 March 1960, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 267, Folder PO.3.
28 "What is the BIE?" http://www.bie-paris.org.
29 "Moses Dismisses Criticism of Fair," New York Times, 11 September 1963.
30 Robert Alden. "Despite Controversies, Attendance Passes All Other Expositions," New York Times, 17 October, 1965.
31 Letter from Hurd to Beaton, 15 November 1960, Poletti Papers, Folder S227; Copy of Cable from Beach to Poletti, 13 May 1961, World's Fair Corporation Archive, Box 60, Folder A1.153.
32 Memo from Poletti to Moses, 29 December 1960, World's Fair Corporation Archive, Box 267, Folder PO.3.
33 Letter from Beach to General Potter, 20 January 1961, World's Fair Corporation Archive, Box 60, Folder A1.153.
34 Gay Talese. "Chilean Disputes Poletti On Fair," New York Times, 18 July 1963; "Fair Comment," New York Times, 22 July 1963; Poletti Papers, Folder G176; Nicholson, Bruce. Hi, Ho, Come to the Fair. (Huntington Beach, Ca: Pelagian Press, 1989).
35 "Moses Urges US to Join the Fair," New York Times, 13 September 1961.
36 Robert F. Wagner, Letter in Richard P. Hunt. "Kennedy to Back '64 World's Fair," New York Times, 2 October, 1961.
37 Jacob K. Javits. "'New York, Thy Name's Delirium'," New York Times, 24 December 1961.
38 Copy of Telegram from Deegan to Moses, 1 October 1961; Copy of Telegram from Moses to Deegan, 2 October 1961, World's Fair Corporation 1964-1965 Archive, Box 60, Folder A1.153; Richard P. Hunt. "Kennedy to Back '64 World's Fair," New York Times, 2 October 1961.
39 Gay Talese. "Soviet-US 'Race' At Fair Expected," New York Times, 22 July 1962.
 
The Soviet Union & The Fair
40 "Premier Tentatively Accepts Bid for Soviet Exhibit at Fair," New York Times, 18 September 1959.
41 Letter from Menshikov to Mayor Wagner, 27 August 1960, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
42 Letter from Gates Davison to Colonel William S. Chapin, 26 February 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
43 Agreement of Participation, March 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
44 Telegram from RM to Dean Rusk, 21 February 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
45 Letter from Poletti to Beach, 20 September 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
46 Letter from Moses to Rusk, 29 September 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
47 Letter from Ambassador Thompson to State Department, with translated summary of Pravda, April 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
48 Letter from State Department to Soviet Embassy, 27 April 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
49 Rydell, Fair America, 100. For more information on the American Pavilion in Brussels' role in intelligencegathering, see: Rydell, World of Fairs, 206-211 and Robert H. Haddow, Pavilions of Plenty: Exhibiting American Culture Abroad in the 1950s (Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997).
50 Max Frankel. "U.S. Insists Soviet Reciprocate on Fair," New York Times, 3 May 1962; Rydell, Fair America.
51 Max Frankel. "U.S. Insists Soviet Reciprocate on Fair," New York Times, 2 May 1962.
52 Letter from John Thornton to Poletti, 9 July 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
53 Emanuel Perlmutter. "World's Fair Bid to Peiping Barred," New York Times, 3 June 1962; Letter from Beach to Sylvia Berger, 11 October 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
54 Letter from Soviet Embassy to Department of State, 28 June 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
55 Max Frankel. "U.S. Insists Soviet Reciprocate on Fair," New York Times, 2 May 1962.
56 Telegram from Nesterov to Moses, 29 September 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
57 Letter from Moses to Rusk, 29 September 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
58 Letter from Moses to Rusk, 30 September 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
59 New York Mirror, 4 October 1962.
60 Letter from William Tyler to Moses, 2 October 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
61 Daily News, 4 October 1962.
62 From a summary of a conversation with James Hurd, in memo from Poletti to Beach, 23 October 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
63 New York Post, 5 October 1962.
64 Journal American, 8 October 1962.
65 John Brooks, "Diplomacy at Flushing Meadow," New Yorker, 1 June 1963.
66 Note from Poletti on meeting with Soviet Foreign Minister Nikolai Patolichev, December 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
67 Poletti in Robert Moses, Public Works: A Dangerous Trade (New York: McGraw Hill, 1970), 594-596.
68 Progress Report #7, 24 January 1963, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 69.
69 Letter from Moses to a Queens College Student, 9 November 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
70 Robert Moses. "Why a Fair? And Why This Fair?" New York Times, 23 April 1964.
"Where Pagodas & Minarets..."
71 "Here is How Things Might Look Someday," Life, 1 May 1964.
72 Gay Talese. "Soviet-U.S. 'Race' at Fair Expected," New York Times, 22 July 1962.
73 Letter from William Crawford to State Department, 29 May 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281, Romania Folder
74 Gay Talese, "Soviet-US 'Race' At Fair Expected", New York Times, 22 July 1962
75 Transcript of Senator Javits, 10 July 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
76 Public Statement by Robert Moses in regards to Javits's speech, 12 July 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 281.
77 Announcement of the Information Minister, 29 January 1961, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 273.
78 Letter from Ambassador Howard P. Jones to Charles Poletti, 7 March 1961, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 273.
79 Letter from Jones to Poletti, 23 June 1961; Memo from Allan Beach to Poletti, 4 August 1961; Memo from Gates Davison to Poletti, 18 August 1961,World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 273, Indonesia folder.
80 "Indonesia Offered Fair Role," New York Times, 25 January 1961; Bernard Kalb. "Sukarno Chooses Site at 1964 Fair," New York Times, 16 September 1961.
81 Sie Pek Ho. "Indonesia Plans for NY Fair Exhibit," Christian Science Monitor, 10 January 1963.
82 "Sukarno: Advice to Girls At Fair: 'Don't Wiggle,'" New York Times, 24 June 1964.
83 Gates Davison, in John Brooks, "Diplomacy at Flushing Meadow," New Yorker, 1 June 1963.
84 "Sukarno Drops Plan to Visit His Pavilion," New York Times, 3 May 1964; Memo, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 273.
85 Marianne Means, Article, New York Sunday Journal American, 21 February 1965.
86 "Indonesia Halts Plans for Pavilion at Fair," New York Times, 12 March 1965; Reuters, 11 March 1965; UPI, 12 March 1965.
87 Robert Alden. "World's Fair Seizes Indonesian Pavilion," New York Times, 1 April 1965.
88 "Sukarno," http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/sukarno.
89 Louis P. Lochner, "Report of Committee's Visit to Berlin (12/1-14/60)," 16 December 1960, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 272.
90 World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 272.
91 Caro, 1093; John Brooks, "Diplomacy at Flushing Meadow," New Yorker, 1 June 1963.
92 Time-Life Books, Official Guide New York World's Fair 1964/1965 (New York: Time Incorporated, 1964) 126-7.
93 Swedish Pavilion News, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 282; Official Guide, 148-150.
94 Official Guide, 140-2.
95 "The World of Already," Time, 5 June 1964, 51.
96 Nicholson, 200.
97 Pamphlet commemorating China's groundbreaking, Poletti Papers, Folder S233
98 Transcript from 14 December 1962, in Moses, Dangerous Trade, 560.
99 "The World of Already," Time, 5 June 1964, 52.
100 Official Guide, 180-2; Rydell, Fair America, 109.
 
"War through Misunderstanding"
101 Robert Moses. "Why a Fair and Why This Fair?" New York Times, 22 April 1964.
102 Walter Carlson. "Alex Rose Resigns At Fair Over Mural." New York Times, 24 June 1964.
103 Martin Tolchin. "Jordan's Exhibit Assailed By Jews." New York Times, 25 April 1954.
104 PR Newswire, 21 May 1964, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 278.
105 Telegram from Moses to American-Israel Pavilion, 25 April 1964, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 278.
106 Telegram from O'Dwyer to Deegan, 29 April 1964, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 278.
107 Martin Tolchin. "Jordan Threatens to Close Fair Pavilion if Controversial Mural is Removed." New York Times, 1 May 1964.
108 Telegram from AJC to Moses, 15 May 1964, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 278; Robert Alden. "Jewish Congress Seeks to Picket Jordan Pavilion." New York Times, 18 May 1964; Telegram from Moses to AJC, 18 May 1964, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 278.
109 PR Newswire, 21 May 1964, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 278.
110 Telegrams from Mehdi to Moses and Moses to Mehdi, 19 May 1964, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 278.
111 "Suit Asks Closing of Jordan Exhibit." New York Times, 21 May 1964; Mohammed T. Mehdi. "Jordan's Mural and Free Speech." New York Times, 3 June 1964.
112 "Suit on Fair Mural is Argued in Court." New York Times, 5 June 1964.
113 Robert Moses. "Why a Fair? And Why This Fair?" New York Times, 22 Apr 1964.
114 Francis X. Clines. "French Exhibition is Ordered Closed By Fair Officials." New York Times, 10 May 1964.
115 "Fair Bids Protestants Cancel Film Showing Jesus as a Clown." New York Times, 9 April 1964.
116 Philip H. Dougherty. "Moses Shrugs Off Low Crowds And Folding Shows at the Fair." New York Times, 1 August 1964.
117 Caro, 1101.
118 Caro, 411.
119 "Shintoist Purifies Japan's Fair Site," New York Times, 23 April 1963.
120 "Israel Withdraws from '64-65 Fair; Cites Rise in Costs," New York Times, 22 October 1962; Caro, 1101.
121 Nicholson, 178-183.
122 Roberta Strauss Feuerlich. "God and Man in Flushing Meadow," Reporter, 13 August 1964, in Moses, Dangerous Trade, 612.
123 "Religion Present Throughout Fair," New York Times, 22 April 1964.
124 Letter from Ghaleb Barakat to Charles Poletti, 7 June 1964; Letter from Rifai'I to Plimpton, 11 June 1964, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 278.
125 City Council Resolution, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 278.
126 "Council Unit Hits Jordanian Mural," New York Times, 19 June 1964.
127 Walter Carlson. "Israeli Pavilion To Answer Mural," New York Times, 25 June 1964.
128 Letters from Moses to Harris and from Harris to Moses, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 277.
129 Letter from Seymour Halpern to Moses, 29 May 1964; Letter from Moses to Halpern, 2 June 1964, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 278.
130 Letter from Moses to office of Keating, 21 May 1964, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 278.
131 Robert Alden. "Protestants Keep 'Parable' at Fair," New York Times, 25 May 1964.
132 Caro, 1111; "Zaretzki Assails Moses As 'Despot,'" New York Times, 29 June 1964; Walter Carlson. "Alex Rose Resigns At Fair Over Mural," New York Times, 24 June 1964.
133 Walter Carlson. "Alex Rose Resigns At Fair Over Mural," New York Times, 24 June 1964.
134 "Zaretzki Assails Moses As 'Despot,'" New York Times, 29 June 1964.
135 Walter Carlson. "Fair Scores Council's Demand For Removal of Jordan Mural," New York Times, 1 July 1964.
136 Letter from Lionel Harris to Poletti, 23 July 1964, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 278.
137 Robert Moses. "Harness the Jordan," New York Times, 5 June 1971.
138 Robert Alden. "Israel Premier Cancels Fair Visit in Dispute Over Jordan Pavilion," New York Times, 23 May 1964.
139 Letter from Moses to WNET, 25 November 1977, Poletti Papers.
140 Caro, 1093.
141 Washington Post, 2 July 1964; Will Lissner. "12 Jewish Leaders Acquitted In Picketing at the World's Fair," New York Times, 30 July 1964; Robert Alden. "Pieta is Prepared For Fair Opening," New York Times, 10 April 1965.
142 Tania Long. "Fight Breaks Out In Dispute At Fair," New York Times, 1 May 1965.
143 Memo to from Henry Prehodka to Lionel Harris, 19 May 1965, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 277.
 
Conclusion
144 Cable from Poletti to Moses, 16-17 June 1961, Poletti Papers, Folder S224.
145 Official Guide, 157.
146 Indira Gandhi in Moses, Dangerous Trade, 567.
147 Official Guide, 159.
148 Rydell, All the World's a Fair, 154-183.
149 "The World of Already," Time, 5 June 1964, 52.
150 Pamphlet on Guinea groundbreaking, 18 July 1963, Poletti Papers, Folder S233.
151 Transcript of Africa Press Conference, 12 November 1963, Poletti Papers, Folder S233.
152 Progress Report #6, 12 September 1962, World's Fair Corporation Archives, Box 69.
153 Robert Moses. "Robert Moses from the Bridge," Newsday, 8 January 1966.
154 Official Guide, 86.
155 "The World of Already," Time, 5 June 1964, 49.
156 Francis Thompson. "Introduction" in To Be Alive! From the Film by Frances Thomson and Alexander Hammid, ed. Alistair Reid (New York: MacMillan Company, 1966).
157 Official Guide,100.
158 "The World of Already," 5 June 1964, Time, 50.
159 Robert Alden. "Despite Controversies, Attendances Passes All Other Expositions," New York Times, 17 October 1965.
 

 

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